Introduction: Understanding Lymphoedema After Cancer

Lymphoedema is a common and often lifelong side effect of cancer treatment, particularly following surgery or radiation that affects the lymphatic system. It typically causes persistent swelling, most often in the arms or legs, and can significantly affect physical and emotional wellbeing.

The good news is that physiotherapy plays a crucial role in managing lymphoedema and helping patients live fuller, more comfortable lives.

What Is Lymphoedema?

Lymphoedema is the abnormal buildup of lymphatic fluid in soft tissues due to damage or blockage of the lymphatic system. It can occur months or even years after cancer treatment.

Common Causes in Cancer Patients:

• Lymph node removal (e.g. mastectomy, pelvic surgery)
• Radiation therapy to lymph nodes
• Tumours pressing on lymphatic vessels

Symptoms of Lymphoedema

• Persistent swelling in the arm, leg, breast, or genitals
• A feeling of heaviness, tightness, or fullness in the limb
• Decreased range of motion or flexibility
• Skin changes (hardening, thickening, or infection risk)
• Discomfort, aching, or tingling

Early diagnosis and intervention are key to controlling symptoms and preventing complications.

How Physiotherapy Helps Manage Lymphoedema

Physiotherapists trained in oncology and lymphoedema care offer a holistic, evidence-based approach known as Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT). This typically includes:

 1. Manual Lymphatic Drainage

A gentle, specialized massage technique that stimulates lymph flow and helps drain excess fluid from the affected area.

2. Compression Therapy

Using compression garments or bandaging to reduce swelling and maintain limb size.

3. Exercise Therapy

Tailored exercises promote muscle pump action to assist lymph drainage while improving strength, mobility, and endurance.

4. Skin Care Education

To prevent infection (cellulitis) and promote healthy skin, patients are guided on proper hygiene, moisturizing, and monitoring.

5. Education and Self-Management

Patients are empowered with knowledge and self-care routines, such as:

• Safe movement strategies
• When to wear compression
• Early signs of flare-ups to watch for

Benefits of Physiotherapy for Lymphoedema

• Reduced swelling and discomfort
• Improved limb mobility and function
• Lower risk of complications like cellulitis
• Greater confidence in daily activities
• Improved overall quality of life

Who Needs Lymphoedema Management?

You may benefit from lymphoedema physiotherapy if you:

• Have had breast, pelvic, prostate, melanoma, or head and neck cancer
• Experience swelling or heaviness in a limb
• Are at risk due to lymph node removal or radiation
• Want to prevent the progression of early lymphoedema symptoms

What to Expect During Treatment

At your first visit, a comprehensive assessment is carried out, including limb measurements, skin condition analysis, and mobility testing. From there, your physiotherapist will:

• Create a personalized treatment plan
• Set realistic goals for swelling reduction and function
• Monitor your progress over time

Treatment is gentle, non-invasive, and tailored to your level of activity and stage of recovery.

FAQs About Lymphoedema Physiotherapy

Q: Can lymphoedema be cured?
A: Lymphoedema is a chronic condition, but physiotherapy can effectively manage symptoms and prevent worsening.

Q: Is manual lymph drainage painful?
A: No. manual lymph drainage is a gentle, relaxing technique designed to stimulate lymph flow without discomfort.

Q: How often do I need to wear compression garments?
A: This varies by severity, but most patients wear them daily during waking hours, especially during activity. Some patients don’t need to wear them.

Q: Is exercise safe if I have lymphoedema?
A: Yes, when supervised by a physiotherapist, exercise is highly beneficial and encourages healthy lymphatic flow.

At Pretto Physiotherapy, we provide compassionate, specialized physiotherapy for patients recovering from cancer and living with lymphoedema. Our qualified team will help you:

• Reduce swelling
• Restore mobility
• Regain confidence and independence

Final Thoughts

Lymphoedema after cancer treatment can be frustrating, painful, and isolating, but it doesn’t have to control your life. With the right physiotherapy support, you can manage your symptoms, protect your health, and reclaim your quality of life.